What temperature should the water be in the hot water supply system?

Posted by Nils · October 15, 2016

This article will describe a fairly simple technology for solving a common problem - hot water recirculation, or rather, the lack of hot water when you need it. If you live in a compact house and the water heater is located near water consumption points, you are not familiar with this inconvenience. If you live in a large house and the boiler is in the basement, 15 or more meters of water supply may stretch to the last consumer. Owners of large homes are familiar with long waits: they turn on the tap and wait two whole minutes for hot water to flow. This wastes energy and water resources.

As a rule, a series water supply connection is used. The main pipe extends from the heater to the farthest point. Consumers are connected from it using tees - a sink, a bathtub. The disadvantages are obvious - pressure drops if several taps are open at the same time, waiting for hot water. Another option is a balanced system using a collector, where each endpoint is served by a dedicated line from the collector. The price is several times higher than in the first case.

How is the calculation made?

The norm is calculated in two ways. Let's look at them below.

Analog method

The method is used when data is available on metered hot water consumption for residential buildings with similar characteristics.

If there is sufficient data on the volume of hot water supplied based on meter readings at the entrance to the house, then an analogue method is used to determine the norm for similar buildings.

The calculation principle is as follows:

• a known monthly volume of consumption is taken based on the readings of common house water meters for a similar group of houses,
• divided by the number of residents
• the average actual consumption per person per month is calculated

Where:

• m is the number of residential buildings for which accounting data is available;
• Qi is the volume of hot water determined by common house water meters in each house participating in the calculation;
• ni is the number of residents living in houses.

Further, since the calculation involved the readings of communal meters, and not apartment meters, the volume of hot water and the use of hot water for general household needs are subtracted from the actual volume.

As a result, the amount of hot water used by one resident remains:

Where:

• Q avg - averaged actual volume of hot water, including technical consumption and general household needs;
• L is the number of storeys of buildings for which the norm is calculated;
• 1-4.3/(4.5+0.07×L) - volume of hot water in accordance with the standards for process flow;
• 0.0903 - standard volume of hot water for general household purposes per 1 resident.

Calculation method

If data on the actual volume of hot water based on meters is not available, then the calculation method is used. The principle of calculation is to calculate the volume of domestic hot water with each meter per month.

The standard volume of hot water (m3/month per 1 resident) is calculated using the formula:

Where:

• Q i is the volume of water per device for one-time use;
• ni is the number of uses of plumbing fixtures per month, established by the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation;
• t g - temperature value, at the point of acceptance of the procedure, of hot water, based on the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.2496-09;
• tm is the temperature value of the water used, established according to Table 5;
• t x is the temperature value of cold water supplied to residential buildings;
• 10-3 - used to determine the volume of water in cubic meters.

Table 5

Average water temperature during one procedure and flow rate

It should be noted that the calculation method has a large error in determining the standard. However, the analog method is also not perfect. This can be seen when comparing standards by region. Despite the use of a single methodology, the results in different regions differ greatly.

Nuances

To understand how much the supplier company should reduce the payment for hot water from the tap in 2021, you can make the calculation yourself. When recalculating payments for hot water supply, you must follow the following algorithm:

• divide the total number of days on which a violation of SanPiN was recorded by the number of days in a month;
• multiply the result by the tariff rate.

The resulting number will be the amount of the discount that the consumer can charge the management company.

Comments Showing 1 of 1

• Tamara 09:04 03/24/2021
  Thank you.

  Answer

Production control of centralized hot water supply systems

4.1. Production control of hot water quality is carried out:

4.1.1. In closed heating systems:

— in places where source water (tap) enters;

- after water heaters.

4.1.2. In open heat supply systems:

— in places where source water enters (tap or source water);

— after water treatment (make-up water);

- before entering the hot water supply network.

4.1.3. In heat supply systems with separate hot water supply networks:

— in places where source water (tap) enters;

- after water heaters.

4.2. For any heat supply system and central heating system, laboratory production control over the quality of hot water must be carried out in the distribution network at points approved by Rospotrebnadzor.

4.3. Laboratory production control of hot water quality

includes the following indicators: temperature, color, turbidity, odor, pH,

iron, hydrogen sulfide, residual content of reagents used in

in the water treatment process, substances that can be washed out of the material

hot water pipes according to technical documentation (zinc,

nickel, aluminum, chromium, etc.), chloroform (when attached to closed

heat supply sources and the use of water from domestic and drinking water

water supply system where water is disinfected with chlorine reagents); OKB, TKB,

OMC, sulfite-reducing clostridia, legionella (according to epidemiological indications).

37°C

4.4. The frequency of sampling is determined in accordance with the indicators presented in Table 2.

Frequency of water sampling in the SCW

table 2

Not provided

Note: Depending on the hot water supply system, its sanitary reliability, population size, epidemic situation and specific local conditions, it is allowed, in agreement with the authorities exercising sanitary and epidemiological supervision, to change the number (increase or decrease) and frequency of laboratory and production tests.

4.5. Laboratory production control is provided by organizations operating heat supply and hot water supply networks in laboratories accredited in accordance with the procedure established by law.

4.6. The results of production control are provided to the Rospotrebnadzor Offices in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation upon request.

5. State sanitary and epidemiological supervision over the quality of water in the Central Water Resources Center is carried out selectively, at the points of entry of source water, before entering the network and in the distribution network, taking into account the requirements approved by the relevant acts of legislation of the Russian Federation, in a planned manner and according to sanitary and epidemiological indications taking into account the requirements of clauses 2.6, 3.3.3, 3.4.3, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 of these rules.

Where to recycle waste, equipment and other things in your city

DHW recirculation without return

Yes, this is possible. To do this, the circulation pump is mounted at the very last point, for example, under the sink. The cold pipe is used as a temporary return line. The cold and hot lines are connected through a pump.

Another option is to install a valve with a thermostat under the sink, and a pump at the outlet of the water heater. When the temperature drops, the thermostat opens the valve and the water returns to the boiler. In this case, it is better to install the pump for a certain operating time.

This option for hot water recirculation is easier for upgrades, since there is no need to add a pipe.

How to calculate the cost of hot water

According to Decree No. 1149 of the Government of the Russian Federation (dated November 8, 2012), the cost of hot water is calculated according to a two-component tariff for closed and open heat supply systems:

• in open ones - using components for coolant and thermal energy (according to Article 9, Clause 5 of Federal Law No. 190);
• in closed ones - using components for cold water and thermal energy (according to Article 32, paragraph 9 of Federal Law No. 416).

The format of the invoices has also changed, dividing the service into two lines: consumption of hot water (in tons) and thermal energy - Q. Previously, the tariff for hot water supply (hot water supply) was calculated for 1 m3, already including the cost of this volume of cold water and thermal energy consumed to heat it.

Dependency of calculation order

Depending on the price of the components, the estimated cost of 1 m3 of hot water supply is determined. For calculations, consumption standards in force in the territory of the municipality are used.

The procedure for calculating the cost of hot water by meter depends on:

• type of home heating system,
• the presence (absence) of a common house appliance, its technical characteristics that determine whether it can distribute Q for water supply and heating needs,
• presence (absence) of individual devices,
• suppliers of thermal energy and coolant.

The division into the price per cubic meter of cold water and heating costs, among other things, should encourage management companies servicing the housing stock to combat direct heat loss - to insulate the risers. For owners, two-component tariffing means that the payment for 1 m3 of hot water supply may vary relative to the standard if the actual consumption Q exceeds.

Apartment buildings without building flow meters

The quantity Q for heating 1 m3 of hot water is determined according to the recommendations of the State Tariff Committee, according to which the volume of thermal energy is calculated using the formula: Q = c * p * (t1– t2) * (1 + K).

This formula for consumed cubic meters takes into account the heat loss coefficient on centralized hot water pipelines.

• C – heat capacity of water (specific value): 1×10-6 Gcal/kg. x 1ºC;
• P – weight of water (volume); 983.18 kgf/m3 at t 60° C;
• t1 is the average annual temperature of hot water from centralized systems, taken as 60°C (the indicator does not depend on the heat supply system);
• t2 is the average annual cold water temperature from centralized systems, taken according to the actual data of those enterprises that supply cold water to organizations that prepare hot water (for example, 6.5°C).

Based on this, in the example below, the amount of thermal energy will be:

Q=1*10-6 Gcal/kg * 1ºC * 983.18 kgf/m3 * 53.5°C * (0.35 + 1) = 0.07 Gcal/m³

Its cost for 1 m3:

1150 rub./Gcal (DHW tariff) * 0.07 Gcal/m³ = 81.66 rub./m³

DHW tariff:

16.89 RUR/m³ (cold water component) + 81.66 RUR/m³ = 98.55 RUR/m³

Example No. 2 of calculation without taking into account the heat loss coefficient on centralized pipelines for one person (without an individual water meter):

0.199 (Gcal - standard hot water consumption per person) * 1540 (rubles - cost of 1 Gcal) + 3.6 (m3 - standard hot water consumption per person) * 24 (rubles - cost of m3) = 392.86 rubles.

Apartment buildings with house flow meters

The actual payment for hot water in houses equipped with communal meters will change monthly, depending on the volumetric indicators of thermal energy (1 m3), which, in turn, depend on:

• quality of the metering device,
• heat loss in hot water supply networks,
• excess coolant supply,
• degree of adjustment of the optimal flow rate Q, etc.

If there are individual and common household appliances, payment for hot water supply is calculated according to the following algorithm:

1. The readings of the house flow meter are taken according to two indicators: A - the amount of thermal energy and B - the amount of water.
2. The amount of thermal energy spent per 1 m3 of coolant is calculated by dividing A by B = C.
3. The apartment water meter readings in m3 are taken and multiplied by the result C to obtain the Q size for the apartment (D value).
4. The D value is multiplied by the tariff.
5. A component is added to heat the coolant.

Example for consumption of 3 m3 according to an apartment meter:

Moreover, if it is difficult to influence the results of general house readings using one apartment, then the readings of individual water meters can be influenced by legal methods, for example, by installing water savers: https://water-save.com/.

Read more

Return pipeline design

A complete system consists of many elements, without which it will not work. Let's take a closer look at what the return water pipeline consists of.

Elevator unit

This is the basis of the return pipeline and the entire system as a whole. There is a mixing chamber inside the unit. In it, hot liquid is also poured under high pressure through a nozzle into cooler water from the return line. At the same time, part of the liquid in the return pipeline enters the system and circulates.

Elevator assembly and its location

At different points of the assembly, pressure is distributed differently:

Several elevator units can be installed in a building. But only one will have hot water connections.

Heating spills

If the heating and water supply circuit of the house has a return pipeline in the basement, the heating outlets are also located there, their installation takes place without slopes. Bottlings are made with a diameter of up to 50 mm. The risers are connected by welding or a threaded connection using tees.

At the top bottling, the feed is carried out at a constant slope. An expansion tank is placed at the top of the filling point, which serves as a discharge outlet.

Heating risers

The risers are connected to the heating device. They have a size of 25-30 cm. A bypass is always installed between the connections. This is a special jumper. It is slightly smaller than the riser itself. The bypass ensures circulation inside the riser.

If the filling is from the bottom, the jumper is laid in the following ways:

Water supply systems are installed under the floor or in the basement. DHW taps are installed there. Their functionality can be the same, that is, risers with water intake points are connected to one and the second. And, separate, when the risers are connected to the supply bottling.

Risers for hot water supply

DHW risers are up to 32 mm in diameter. They can be mounted behind the toilet, at the entrance to the toilet, or in the kitchen in a closed niche. Modern heated towel rails are connected to hot water circulation systems.

How the design of the return water pipeline works can be seen in the photo.

What is the temperature of the cold water in the tap?

What is the temperature of the cold water in the tap?

• It depends on the time of year, since the temperature of the water in the pipes is determined by the temperature of the water in the reservoir from which the water is drawn, and the temperature of the soil at the depth of the water pipelines. As a result, in summer it is 16-20 degrees, in winter 4-5. The fact is that at +4 degrees the water has a maximum density (it sinks to the bottom), so in winter the water temperature in reservoirs is exactly that. In general, the water temperature in the main pipes in winter can even be negative. The fact is that with increasing pressure, the freezing point of a liquid decreases - for water by about 1 degree for each atmosphere. Therefore, in winter, during severe frosts, the pressure is noticeably increased (up to 10 atm instead of the usual 3-5), such water will remain liquid down to -10 degrees.
• Of course, the temperature of cold water in the tap depends on the time of year, but not as much as my colleagues wrote. The average water temperature is about 10-12 degrees and can also vary by 1-2 degrees depending on the time of year. Namely, this temperature is determined by the temperature of the earth at a level of 1.5 meters underground, which is approximately the same in winter and summer. Remember ordinary village wells, in which the water is approximately equally cold in winter and summer, although the wells are somewhat more dependent on the time of year. By the way, this temperature underground remains to a depth of several hundred meters, and then it begins to rise
• It is impossible to give an exact figure for the temperature of the cold water flowing from our tap; it all depends on the time of year. In winter, the water temperature in the water supply ranges from 4 to 8 degrees, while in summer it can vary from 16 to 20.
• There can be no clear answer to this question. The temperature of cold water in the tap can vary from approximately +10C to +20-25C. The water temperature depends on the depth of the well, the time of year, and how strong the water flow is. Typically, the water that flows as soon as we open the tap is slightly below room temperature, and the more water that flows, the colder it will be.
• In different ways, there is no standard for it, unlike hot water. You yourself understand that everything depends on the time of year and the ambient temperature - in the summer, sometimes you can take a shower with barely a single tap with cold water
• It is difficult to say what temperature of cold water in the water supply. For example, at our work, the cold water from the tap in winter is warm (36 -37 degrees), since the pipes run next to the heating pipes. And at home, the temperature of the cold water from the tap is 10 degrees (underground well) .In comfortable apartments in big cities, cold water from the tap flows 15 - 20 degrees.
• Indeed, there are no standards for the temperature of cold water, at least I haven’t found any; there are local recommendations for service organizations that the temperature of cold water in the tap should correspond to the range from +4 to +20 degrees. Probably the lower limit is valid for the winter season, and the upper limit for the summer. Of course, when taking water from open sources, its temperature will depend on the air temperature and will warm up in the summer and cool down in the winter. But there are also such things as a malfunction of the mixer, when somewhere in the neighbors who do not have a meter and a check valve, hot water is mixed with cold. My friend at one time had cold water running at a temperature of +25, and this is obvious overheating.
• in winter 5-8 degrees, in summer 16 - 18, for example in the pool 25-30 degrees))))
• I myself even wondered, what is the actual temperature of the cold water in the tap? so I took a thermometer and measured the temperature of the cold water, the thermometer showed +11 degrees Celsius, and it seemed to me that the water temperature was a little lower, but I was wrong, well, what happens.
• Well, I just can’t agree with the answers above. This is probably just a given standard. No one can say what the water temperature is. Not all and not everywhere water comes from reservoirs (ground). There are wells and the water from them is colder, the longer it flows, the colder it becomes. In the village at my grandmother’s, even in 40 degree frost it flows if the tap is not closed all the way. And the pipe runs along the top of the earth. Until the water flows, it freezes, our springs flow all year round. Therefore, I think it’s difficult to say what kind, it’s different everywhere. Although the springs probably have the same temperature.
• The temperature of the tap water will depend on the current time of year. In summer the water will be warmer for obvious reasons, in winter it will be colder. The approximate temperature of water in winter is 4-6 degrees, in summer 18-20. In spring or early autumn, the temperature of cold water in the tap is around 10-14 degrees.

Faucet with water saving mode

The main disadvantage of single-lever faucets is the high water consumption, since in most cases a person opens it at full pressure. To save water, faucets are often equipped with aerators. The aerator mixes air into the water, so you get a volumetric, even stream that is pleasant to the touch. This is an easy and simple way to save water, which does not affect your usual way of life in any way!

A good solution could also be a mixer with an intermediate handle position, for example, from WasserKRAFT. In such faucets there is an intermediate point, which requires additional effort to overcome, so the tap is often opened halfway rather than at full pressure.

Cold water temperature in the tap

Clause 10.11 #8212 Chapter 10 Hydraulic mode

The value of water pressure in the return pipelines of water heating networks of open heating systems during the non-heating period, as well as in the supply and circulation pipelines of the hot water supply network, should be taken to be 0.05 MPa greater than the static pressure of hot water supply systems to consumers.

Clause 16.17 #8212 Chapter 16 Heating points

Water treatment should not worsen its sanitary and hygienic indicators. Reagents and materials used for water treatment and having direct contact with water entering the hot water supply system must be approved by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for use in domestic and drinking water supply systems.

SNiP 2.04.01 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings

Clause 2.1 #8212 Chapter 2 Quality and temperature of water in water supply systems

The quality of cold and hot water supplied for household and drinking needs must comply with GOST 2874-82. The quality of water supplied for production needs is determined by technological requirements.

Clause 2.2 #8212 Chapter 2 Quality and temperature of water in water supply systems

The temperature of hot water at water intake points should be provided:

• a) not lower than 60 C - for centralized hot water supply systems connected to open heating systems
• b) not lower than 50 C - for centralized hot water supply systems connected to closed heat supply systems
• c) not higher than 75 C - for all systems specified in subparagraphs “a” and “b”.

Clause 2.3 #8212 Chapter 2 Quality and temperature of water in water supply systems

In the premises of preschool institutions, the temperature of hot water supplied to the water fittings of showers and washbasins should not exceed 37 C.

Clause 2.5 #8212 Chapter 2 Quality and temperature of water in water supply systems

The temperature of hot water supplied by water heaters to the distribution pipelines of centralized hot water supply systems must comply with the recommendations of the manual for the design of heating points.

Clause 5.12 #8212 Chapter 5 Hot water plumbing systems

The pressure in the hot water supply system at sanitary appliances should be no more than 0.6 MPa (6 kgf/cm2).

The hydrostatic pressure in the drinking water or fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest located sanitary fixture should not exceed 60 m.

The hydrostatic head in the separate fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest fire hydrant should not exceed 90 m.

Notes:

• 1. In the fire-fighting water supply system, during fire extinguishing, it is allowed to increase the pressure to no more than 90 m at the level of the lowest located sanitary fixture, while hydraulic testing of the systems should be carried out with installed water fittings.
• 2. When pressures at fire hydrants exceed 40 m, diaphragms should be installed between the fire hydrant and the connecting head to reduce excess pressure. It is allowed to install diaphragms with the same hole diameter on 3-4 floors of a building (see nomogram 5 of the recommended Appendix 4).

Finally got around to talking about the latest achievements.

At some point I realized that a cold shower no longer suits me. I started running a bath full of cold water. I climb in and dive in, sometimes headlong, lying down as far as possible, but it doesn’t last long, just a few seconds.

Recently I was inspired and bought a thermometer. Can you imagine my disappointment when I measured the temperature - only 7 degrees.

So I still have to train and train, I feel like I can’t do without winter swimming.

What is the temperature of the cold water in the tap?

It depends on the time of year, since the temperature of the water in the pipes is determined by the temperature of the water in the reservoir from which the water is drawn, and the temperature of the soil at the depth of the water pipelines. As a result, in summer it is 16-20 degrees, in winter 4-5. The fact is that at +4 degrees the water has a maximum density (it sinks to the bottom), so in winter the water temperature in reservoirs is exactly that.

Well, I just can’t agree with the answers above. It's probably just a given standard.

No one can tell what the temperature of the water is. Not all and not everywhere water comes from reservoirs (ground). There are wells and the water from them is colder; the longer it flows, the colder it becomes.

No comments yet!

What t should be according to SNiP?

The minimum and maximum temperatures in water supply systems are recorded in SNiP 2.04.01-85.
In clause 2.2. This SNiP states that in open-type central hot water supply systems, the minimum temperature of the supplied water must be at least 60C. In closed systems, its minimum temperature indicator can be no less than 50C.

SNiP also sets the maximum value of t in water systems . It is the same for both open and closed central systems. Its value should not exceed 75C.

In preschool institutions, the maximum temperature for hot water supplied to washbasins and showers cannot be more than 37C. This is stated in clause 2.3. SNiP 2.04.01-85.

Types of devices

Design features

The heating meter consists of:

• coolant flow sensor (usually hot water),
• two sensors for temperature recording,
• computing module.

These units are placed in a plastic case equipped with pipes. With their help, the meter is connected to the pipeline. Many devices are equipped with an independent battery. This removes the dependence on the presence or absence of electricity in the apartment.

The modern market offers a variety of models of heating meters. They work with different types of flow meters.

Mechanical devices

These are the simplest and cheapest devices. They are:

• screw,
• turbine (vane).

Their work is based on converting the translational movement of the coolant into the movement of the measurement element.

Mechanical meters cannot be used when . If there are particles of scale, scale or rust in the water, they clog the mechanical components. Therefore, it is recommended to install special filters first.

Another disadvantage of these devices is their intolerance to sudden fluctuations in heat consumption.

Electromagnetic type

An electromagnetic heating meter uses the factor of the occurrence of an electric current at the moment the coolant passes through a magnetic field. These devices have high metrological stability and are successfully used.

But with poor-quality installation of wires and with the appearance of impurities in the water, the inaccuracy of instrument readings increases.

Vortex devices

The operation of these devices is based on the assessment of vortices that form behind an obstacle in the path of coolant movement. They can be installed on horizontal and vertical pipelines. Their work is not interfered with by deposits inside the pipes. But they are sensitive to the following factors:

• presence of air in the system,
• welding quality,
• the content of impurities in water,
• the size of the straight parts of the pipeline around the flow meter.

Requires installation of a magnetic mesh filter.

Ultrasonic meters

The time it takes for the liquid to move from the source to the signal receiver is measured. This version of heating devices has maximum efficiency when working with clean coolant. They do not create additional hydraulic resistance.

But if air bubbles enter the coolant flow sensor or the water becomes contaminated, the device produces an error. It is also better not to install an ultrasonic heat meter on pipelines with a high scale content.

Despite these features, an ultrasonic meter is the most reliable and durable option.

Wall-hung toilet

It has a number of advantages.

Firstly, it’s easy to clean the floor underneath - yes! Yes! Yes!

Secondly, its tank is located behind the wall and is soundproofed, so the sound of water when filling the tank is practically inaudible.

Thirdly, such toilets have a high-quality flush mechanism with adjustable water flow.

Among the disadvantages, it has a relatively high price and more complex installation. But since you are installing a toilet for more than one year, it’s worth it.

How to correct the bill due to the lack of domestic hot water?

You can recalculate hot water supply by following the instructions. To save time and verify violations, the consumer is recommended to take independent measurements and then contact the utility service and Rospotrebnadzor if necessary.

There is a general algorithm of actions that the tenant must adhere to. Step by step it looks like this:

1. Diagnostics: the actual meter readings and those indicated on the payment are checked, the water temperature is measured.
   Hot water must be at least 60 degrees, otherwise it is considered poor quality service from the water supply.
2. Definition of failure. If problems are identified, the citizen contacts the commission through the utility service. During the day, civil service employees will come and conduct an inspection. They need to immediately report any problems identified and find out about the possibility of recalculation.
3. Study. If a commission employee confirms a failure in the water supply, he will certainly issue a direction or an application form with which you can issue a water recalculation.
4. Contacting the government service.
5. Approval or rejection of the application.

How to prove necessity?

The need for recalculation is proven only with the help of official papers - utility bills, personal documents.

The inspection is carried out entirely by water supply employees or representatives of Rospotrebnadzor, who follow the instructions. If there are violations, then they are obliged to issue a document about this, which will be the first full step towards obtaining a recalculation.

Information! All services are guided by the protocol and legislation of the Russian Federation (based on clause 98 of Rules No. 354 and clause 4 of Appendix 1 to Rules No. 354). Thanks to this, the tenant can always analyze the refusal by contacting official sources.

List of documents

The documents that will be required for recalculation include a passport and utility bills for the last 3 months

It is also important to take care of papers confirming the tenant’s absence from the premises for several days

These papers include:

1. Confirmation from the place of work about the business trip (a similar certificate is issued by the HR department).
2. Plane, train or bus tickets. It is better to provide round-trip tickets. This will allow water officials to accurately determine the number of days the resident has been absent.

Important! A certificate or opinion from the utility service must be provided. It not only confirms the existence of reasons for recalculation, but also serves as a guarantee for receiving it.

Malfunctions

What problems in the operation of the water supply system can the apartment owner eliminate on his own? Here are some of the most typical situations.

Valves leaking

Description: leakage along the stem of screw valves.

A typical leak location is shown by an arrow.

Crane noise

Description: when you open a hot or (less often) cold water tap, you hear a loud noise and feel the vibration of the mixer. Alternatively, your neighbors faucet could be the source of the noise.

A noisy neighbor's faucet can become a source of a lot of negative emotions.

Cause: a deformed and crushed gasket on the screw valve in the half-open position causes a continuous series of water hammers. Its valve closes the seat in the mixer body at intervals of a fraction of a second. In hot water, the pressure is usually noticeably higher, so the effect is more pronounced.

Replacing the gasket on the screw valve

By the way: ceramic faucets are fully compatible with screw threaded faucets, and do not have the described problem.

The photo shows a ceramic crane box

Cold heated towel rail

If for some reason this cannot be done, the problem can be solved from the basement:

If a vent is installed on the riser, it can be diverted directly from the basement

A caveat: immediately after the end of the heating season, there may be no pressure difference between the threads of the heating main. In this case, the heated towel rails will be cold even if there are no air pockets in the risers.

Immediately after the end of the heating season, the difference between the lines of the route may be zero

What should the quality be?

This document specifies the temperature limits for water supplied to apartments. They range from 60°C to 75°C.

It was not in vain that this range was chosen. If the temperature at the entrance to a residential building is above 75°C, then the likelihood of getting burn injuries will increase several times. This is especially true for children's and medical institutions.

At a threshold below 60°C, the risk of infectious pathogens such as Legionella growing in a warm environment increases. At 70°C-80°C complete disinfection occurs. An indicator of 40°C promotes the best reproduction of this bacterium.

The SanPiN Resolution, paragraph 2.2, states that the water supplied to residential buildings must be of high quality: without an unpleasant odor, without any taste.

It is necessary to comply with sanitary and epidemiological standards. In case of violations, organizations supplying utility services need to establish the cause of the supply of low-quality water and eliminate it.

Elements

So, what elements does the water supply scheme of an apartment building include?

Water metering unit

He is responsible for supplying cold water to the house.

The water meter performs several functions:

Water meter at the cold water supply to an apartment building

The water meter includes:

Water metering unit with bypass line

It is curious: “Vodoset”, or the organization replacing it, is responsible for the state of the cold water supply input up to the first flange of the inlet valve. The water meter is the responsibility of the organization serving the house.

Elevator unit

The elevator unit, or heating point, also combines a number of functions:

Diagram of an elevator unit with hot water connections

A short lecture on physics: water is heated above its boiling point without evaporating, due to excess pressure in the heating main. The higher the pressure, the higher the boiling point of liquids.

The heart of the elevator unit is a water-jet elevator, through the nozzle of which hot and higher-pressure supply water is injected into a mixing chamber filled with return water. Thanks to the operation of the elevator, a large volume of water with a relatively low temperature passes through the heating system of the house; At the same time, the water consumption from the supply is relatively small.

Step-by-step instruction

You can pay invoices in several ways:

1. The first way is in person at a bank branch or by contacting a service organization. In the first case, you need to fill out the fields with the current meter readings and sign at the bottom of the receipt. Come to the bank (organization), give the receipt to the employee. He will perform all the necessary actions and tell you the final amount to pay. All that remains is to pay.
2. The second payment option is via the Internet on the service organization’s website or mobile application. The receipt contains details for payment via the Internet. You need to go to the website of the authorized organization, go to the “Payments” tab (names vary) or go to your personal account (subject to registration on the site). Enter your personal account number (indicated on the receipt), full name of the payer and amount to pay. In most cases, the amount and name are displayed automatically after entering the account number.
3. The easiest way is through a mobile banking application. Go to the “Payments” tab, select the “Barcode” tab, point your smartphone at the square barcode in the corner of the receipt. The system itself will indicate the details and payment amount. All that remains is to confirm the payment and save the receipt.

Methods of organizing a heating system

A heating system with a return pipeline can be organized in several ways:

1. Water supply from above: under the roof of the building, in the attic or on those floors. On the contrary, the pipeline check valve is located in the lower part of the house: under the floor or in the basement. A reverse design is also provided: the supply is at the bottom and the outlet is at the top of the house.
2. The supply and return water pipes are routed inside the basement.

In modern new buildings, heating and water supply are arranged on the principle of continuous functioning of fluid along circuits. This ensures a constant temperature of the pipes in the building and rapid heating of the liquid during removal.

Heating system

What to do if it does not meet the standard?

It is necessary to proceed according to the following general algorithm:

1. Draw up a report based on the measurement results.
2. Write a complaint.
3. Attach to the complaint a report on the results of measuring the water temperature and send both documents to the Criminal Code.

You should wait for a response. If he does not come, it is recommended to file a complaint with the housing inspectorate. You can also submit an application to Rospotrebnadzor.

If necessary, when the authorized bodies do not respond to complaints, you should contact the prosecutor's office.

Recording a violation

Any discrepancy between the water temperature and the SNiP standard must be documented in writing.
To do this, you need to draw up an act. The tenant is required to notify the management company of the violation in advance.

The owner is advised to call the management company and submit a request to the dispatcher. After this, the management company must send its representative to measure the water temperature.

If the fact of violation is confirmed, the Criminal Code draws up an act. It describes the characteristics of the apartment and the results of hot water temperature measurements. At the end of the act, a conclusion is written.

The document is signed by both the applicant and the representative of the management company.

If the management company does not respond to the tenant’s application and refuses to send a representative to his home, then the tenant himself can take measurements. He has the right to contact a third-party expert organization to take measurements. Based on the measurement results, a report is drawn up.

This document can be drawn up either from one specific resident or from a group of residents of the house. The act specifies the place of its preparation, date and address of residence of the persons applying. If a representative acts on their behalf, then his details are indicated. The document records the exact time of measurement, as well as the method of its implementation.

The act specifies the temperature indicators and the time of recording the measurement results. The air temperature at the time of measurements is also indicated. At the end, the applicant and the representative of the management company put their signatures.

If the management company does not want to respond to the act sent to it, it is necessary to transfer it to the housing inspection or the prosecutor's office with an indication that the management company refused to consider the document.

Drawing up a complaint

If there is a violation of the temperature regime of hot water supplied to the apartment, the owner must write a claim to the Criminal Code.

This document is written according to the following rules:

• mandatory indication of the management company where the claim is sent, as well as its address, full name of the manager;
• availability of links to legislation on the need to comply with temperature conditions (links to SNiP or SanPin 2.1.4.2496-09);
• availability of information about independent water temperature measurements carried out in the apartment;
• a request to the management of the management company to send a representative to the apartment to carry out more accurate measurements and draw up a report;
• a mandatory request in the claim to take measures to eliminate the violation and conduct a recalculation.

It is recommended to attach various documents to the claim to confirm the fact of violation. In addition to the measurement report, a request for recalculation of utilities should be attached.

If necessary, you can attach photographs of the measurement process to your claim. All attached documentation is indicated in the annex, which is drawn up at the end of the claim.

At the very end of the complaint there must be a date and signature of the person applying to the Criminal Code with a request to eliminate the violation.

Submission of documents

All documentation is sent to the Management Company. This can be done either in person or by mail. In the first case, the representative of the management company must mark the acceptance of the claim.

The applicant must keep a copy of the UK visa for himself. If the applicant submits the documentation by mail, then he must additionally receive a notification of receipt.

The management company, having received the documents, puts a note about this on the notice. It is then returned back to the applicant. The notification will confirm that the management company has received the claim.

If the Criminal Code does not respond to the complaint or refuses to take action, then you should write a complaint either to the housing inspectorate or the prosecutor’s office. You can also write a complaint against the Criminal Code to Rospotrebnadzor.

Recalculation and compensation

If there is objective evidence of violation of standards in 2021, the management company does not have the right to refuse to recalculate the payment for hot water supply. The consumer must submit a corresponding application with an attached examination report. After this, the supplier company has no more than five days to change the tariff. The conversion factor is 0.1% of the total cost for every 3°C deviation from the minimum acceptable standard. If the hot water temperature drops to 40°C, the calculation is based on the cost of cold water.

The amount of compensation for non-compliance with the standard temperature of hot water from the tap in the apartment is determined by the court. The defendant, that is, the management company, pays all legal costs. The amount of compensation for moral damage can range from four to six thousand rubles. The exact meaning depends on the circumstances of the case. The amount of the fine for the management company varies from two to three thousand.