Conord home gas boiler: device, technical characteristics, model range, owner reviews and operating instructions

Most autonomous heating systems in private houses or other premises are based on the use of gas boilers.

This is the best option for a source of thermal energy, capable of working independently and not requiring too much attention from the owner.

Most often, imported units are used to ensure stable and reliable operation of the heating system.

However, imported boilers have very serious disadvantages due to the manufacturers’ conceptual approach to the capabilities and specifics of the equipment.

Let's consider gas boilers from one of the domestic companies, which demonstrate a different approach to the operational capabilities of heating units.

Gas boilers from Conord

The Conord plant is located in Rostov-on-Don. It was founded in 1947, and since then has produced various types of heating equipment.

During its work, considerable technological experience was accumulated, the features and disadvantages of imported models of gas boilers were analyzed, and the necessary conclusions were drawn . Today Conord produces several series of gas boilers, which are the optimal solution for the Russian user.

Climatic features, the state of communications, and the possibility of interruptions in the supply of certain resources are taken into account.

The company relied on the production of units that were as independent as possible from external conditions, capable of performing assigned tasks despite the situation.

Non-volatile equipment in Russian conditions is a big plus; it guarantees the preservation of heating during a sudden power outage . This approach is reasonable and highly appreciated by specialists and ordinary users.

All Conord gas boilers have a floor-standing design. This feature allowed the manufacturer not to skimp too much on the dimensions and strength of components and parts.

There are different model lines:

• Single-circuit. Intended only for powering the heating system of the house.
• Dual-circuit. Capable of heating both coolant for heating and hot water for domestic needs (DHW systems).

Various types of automation are used in the design of boilers:

• Thermohydraulic (mechanical type).
• Automation SIT. Automatic operating mode control unit made in Italy. It has a thermostat, a piezo ignition system, an ignition burner with an electrode and a thermocouple.

There are also models with different types of heat exchanger:

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Gas boilers Conord: review, design, automation

It's no secret that imported floor-standing gas boilers are of higher quality compared to domestic boilers.
This applies to the material used to make the elements, the reliability of the automation, and the assembly of the device. However, the price of imported analogues differs noticeably upward. Our task is to find a Russian-assembled gas boiler with an optimal price-quality ratio. I propose to disassemble Conord floor-standing gas boilers, reviews of which can increasingly be found on various thematic forums. Let's consider the model range, technical characteristics, device, types of automation (gas burner devices), using the instructions for use.

Model range and description of Conord boilers

Conord floor-standing gas boilers are available with capacities from 8 to 30 kW. They come as single-circuit: KSts-G-8, KSts-G-10, KSts-G-12, KSts-G-16, KSts-G-20, KSts-G-25, KSts-G-30;

and double-circuit: KSts-GV-10, KSts-GV-12, KSts-GV-16, KSts-GV-20, KSts-GV-25, KSts-GV-30.

Single-circuit ones can only be used for heating from 30 to 300 m2. Conord double-circuit gas boilers can be used for both water heating and hot water supply (DHW).

Floor-standing gas boilers Conord

It is important to note that if you need a double-circuit boiler to fully use the DHW circuit, you need to buy a Conord boiler with a power rating of 20-25 kW. In this case, it will produce about 10-12 liters of hot domestic water per minute

There is no point in buying, for example, a double-circuit boiler KSts-GV-12 with a power of 12 kW. It will not give us a good volume of hot water.

Boilers can be used in both open and closed heating systems.

Installation of floor-standing gas boilers Conord

The boiler consists of a steel firebox 3 mm thick, a casing, a water jacket, smoke pipes with turbulators built into them to increase the efficiency of the boiler, a gas burner device (automation), a layer of thermal insulation made of basalt cardboard, and a thermometer to monitor the temperature of the coolant. In double-circuit models, a special coil for the water circuit is installed around the smoke pipes.

The coolant inlet and outlet, as well as the DHW coil, are located on the rear side of the boiler body. The thread diameter of the heating connection pipes for all models of this brand is 2 inches or 50 mm. For DHW circuit 1/2 or 15 mm. The chimney diameter for models with power from 8 to 12 kW is 115 mm, for 16 kW and above - 150 mm.

Conord boiler design

Due to the built-in turbulators and good thermal insulation, the efficiency of the Conord boiler reaches 90%. These heating devices are capable of operating at reduced gas pressure and are completely energy independent of electricity. The manufacturer claims a boiler service life of 15 years and a factory warranty of 3 years, which is also indicated in the operating instructions.

Automation for gas boilers Conord

Three types of automation can be installed on floor-standing boilers of this brand:

— domestic type AGU-T-M

- Italian Euro SIT

In general, the automation, although not particularly sophisticated, is unpretentious. In the event of a breakdown, it is not difficult to find spare parts for it. For example, a bimetallic strip that often fails costs about 50 rubles.

Automation type AGU-T-M

Euro SIT automation consists of a sectional burner and Polidoro tubes, as well as a safety system: igniter with thermocouple, temperature sensor, SIT gas valve, draft sensor and wires. If the pilot burner goes out, the gas is turned off, or there is no draft in the chimney, the automatic system instantly shuts off the gas supply to the burner.

Ignition occurs by pressing the piezoelectric element button or using a match. The coolant temperature is provided by the gas valve and set by the thermostat knob.

Automation Euro SIT

Honeywell automation from an American manufacturer has similar technical characteristics to a Euro SIT gas burner device. The principle of operation is the same, it differs mainly in the manufacturer and material of some elements.

Ignition is carried out by pressing the handle to the right of the thermostat and then turning it to the stop position to operate the boiler in economical mode.

Advantages of Conord gas boilers

- wide range of models

— three types of automation

— in case of boiler malfunction it is easy to find spare parts

Series and model range

First of all, you should understand the markings of Conord boilers.

It is an abbreviation in which the first letters indicate the heat exchanger material:

• KSC is a steel boiler with a cylindrical heat exchanger.
• KCH - cast iron boiler.

The following letters indicate the feature set:

• G - single-circuit (gas).
• GW - double-circuit (gas with the possibility of hot water supply).

Then follow the numbers indicating the boiler power in kilowatts and the letter indicating the type of automation:

• N - thermohydraulic.
• S - Italian automatic SIT.

For example, a boiler marked KSts-GV-10N means a steel boiler with a cylindrical heat exchanger, double-circuit, 10 kW power with thermo-hydraulic automatic control.

Conord boilers are produced in the following series:

• KSC-G-S . A series of single-circuit units with Italian automatic equipment. They have a piezo ignition system, an additional ignition burner, and a special thermocouple is used for ignition. Designed for heating rooms from 80 to 500 m2, you just need to select a unit of appropriate power. The model range consists of units of 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 kW.
• KSC-G-N . Single-circuit models with mechanical automation. A special feature of the series is the ability to work in systems with high pressure - up to 5 bar. The power of the models is 10, 12, 20, 25 and 30 kW, which allows you to heat rooms from 100 to 300 m2.
• KSts-GV-S . Double-circuit gas boilers with Italian automatic operating mode control. The power of the models is 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25 and 30 kW. This allows you to successfully operate the equipment in rooms from 80 to 300 m2. They have the ability to provide a home not only with heat, but also with hot water, which significantly increases their value for the user and allows them to solve two problems at once.
• KSts-GV-N . Double-circuit boilers with a capacity of 12, 20, 25 and 30 kW. They have a thermo-hydraulic type of automation. They provide heating and hot water supply, designed for use in rooms from 120 to 300 m2.
• KCH-G-S . Single-circuit boilers with a cast iron heat exchanger and Italian SIT automation. Three models are available with outputs of 16, 25 and 30 kW. These units are the most expensive, highly efficient and reliable. They weigh twice as much as steel boilers of the same power.

Single-circuit gas boiler ServiceGas Ochag Premium AOGV-11.6-E​​​​​​with SIT automatics

Gas boiler Ochag AOGV-11.6 Premium EuroSit ServiceGas is a single-circuit device, the main purpose of which is to heat private households, apartments in houses, as well as various types of buildings

When developing the Ochag AOGV device, the specifics of Russian gas pipelines were taken into account, namely the low pressure of the incoming gas. The Hearth boiler is completely energy-independent and operational in heating systems with normal (working) pressure up to 3 atm, both closed - forced type with a pump, and open type with natural coolant circulation

The marking of the “Ochag” units is quite simple; next to the abbreviation A-O-G-V (gas hot water heating unit) there is a number indicating the boiler power in kW, after which the letter indicates the boiler’s automation:

C – SABC (T or AT)

E or EM (EN) – Eurosit

Advantages of the heating device "Ochag" Premium with a power of 11.6 kW

• Moderate gas consumption. The manufacturer has included a stabilization device in the boiler design to equalize the fuel pressure. With the help of a stabilizer, gas consumption is reduced by 30%.
• Protection during operation of the device is provided by a safety system that will automatically turn off the boiler in the event of: insufficient or complete absence of draft in the chimney, the burner flame goes out, the gas line is cut off, and a coolant overheating control device will protect against premature wear of the heat exchanger.
• Non-volatile. The fireplace is an autonomous boiler and does not require any external sources of electricity to operate.
• A strict, but at the same time modern appearance that fits perfectly into the modern interiors of apartments and houses without standing out compared to other equipment in the house.
• Accurate temperature setting.
• The highest efficiency of 92% in its class by means of modernizing the fire-tube heat exchanger device, which is made of high-quality steel up to 3 mm thick and fully complies with Russian GOST.
• Works great in closed heating systems with operating pressure up to 3 atm.
• Equipped with automatic gas block 630 EUROSIT (EUROSIT).
• Equipped with a pressure indicator in the heating circuit and a thermometer showing the temperature of the coolant.
• The special connection of the smoke collector ensures simple and convenient installation and maintenance work for the chimney part of the device.
• Warming up of the chimney is ensured, this is especially true when starting the boiler in the off-season, thanks to the built-in damper - “TURBO mode”.
• There is also the possibility of operating the device on liquefied gas; when changing burner nozzles, this is possible and feasible as an option.
• The hearth is also convenient for the user as it has detachable turbulators, it is possible to lay a gas supply on both sides of the device, a reversible door with opening both to the right and to the left, a quick-removable top cover, and a condensate collector. The burner (burner unit) is mounted on an easily detachable mount.
• The burner itself is made of heat-resistant steel - stainless steel with very economical gas consumption.
• High quality build. Multi-level quality control.
• Service life 15 years, factory warranty 24 months.

The Ochag Premium AOGV boiler has the main parts:

• Gas apparatus housing
• Automatic control module
• Steel heat exchanger
• A security system consisting of several subsystems.

A firebox or combustion chamber is installed in the body of the apparatus on the lower side; sections of the heating jacket are located on the side and rear of the apparatus. A heat exchanger is located above the firebox. High efficiency of heat transfer and heat exchange between exhaust carbon monoxide and coolant is achieved due to the progressive convective part of the heat exchanger, which consists of flame tubes.

A smoke collector with a built-in draft stabilizer is installed on top of the heat exchanger. In the front part of the smoke collector there is a draft sensor, in the upper part of the smoke collector there is a boiler outlet pipe.

There is a partition on top of the smoke collector to ensure stable operation of the device regardless of weather conditions. The heat exchanger, complete with a smoke collector, ensures cost-effective operation of the boiler without the participation of the consumer, and does not require any manual adjustments. The draft stabilizer allows the boiler to operate stably even with unstable draft.

A gas burner device is installed in the combustion chamber of the apparatus, which consists of a front panel, burner pipes, safety sensors (flame sensor and draft sensor), and the EUROSIT control system. There is a lattice damper located under the pipes, which helps supply secondary air to the burner.

Specifications

Let's look at the technical characteristics of Conord gas boilers:

Description

Boilers under the Conord brand are produced only in a floor-standing version, and they are quite large; the outside of the body is covered with a special protective enamel.

Character traits:

• the boiler is made of steel, the thickness of which is 3 mm;
• high productivity, efficiency reaches 90%;
• devices are energy-dependent;
• “nice” price will surprise buyers;
• many positive reviews.

The units related to Conord include several modifications, both with one circuit and with two. Some models are equipped with thermo-hydraulic type automatics or Sit automatics. In the first case, the operation of the boiler depends on electrical energy. The thermostat is responsible for turning the fuel supply on and off. When the temperature reaches the set point, the gas supply to the main burner is stopped and this is how the required temperature is maintained.

Such devices are well adapted to conditions of both moderate and frosty winters, since they can maintain any given temperature, provided that the power is calculated correctly. Due to high-quality installation of the burner, good productivity of the unit is achieved and an optimal gas-air mixture and thermal insulation are formed. Therefore, a large amount of heat is used to heat the coolant.

The Conord gas boiler is highly safe and has three levels of protection:

• smoke exhaust sensor, which is activated in the absence of draft. It immediately turns off the gas fuel supply to the burner. It also prevents it from being turned off in the event of short-term reverse draft during strong gusts of wind;
• the presence of a flame on the main burner is monitored. If it is not there, then gas is not supplied;
• the ability to control the temperature in the heating circuit. When the mark reaches the maximum temperature, heating of the coolant stops.

Why you need a traction sensor and how it works can be found here

Conord boilers work well in conditions of low fuel pressure. Various models may be marked KSts-G-10S or KSts-GV-12. Its meanings are as follows:

• K - boiler;
• C - made of steel;
• C - cylinder-shaped firebox;
• G - gas;
• Hot water - gas with hot water supply function.

The last numbers in the marking indicate the maximum power level of the unit.

In order to calculate the power of a boiler suitable for a particular room, you should take 1 kW per 10 m², provided that the ceiling height is within 2.5 meters and the level of heat loss is small.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of Conord gas boilers include:

• High quality assembly and manufacturing of components and parts.
• Boiler efficiency exceeds 90%.
• The non-volatile design allows the units to be used in any room or area.
• The service life of boilers is at least 15 years.
• Capable of operating at low gas pressure.
• The manufacturer's warranty on Conord boilers is 3 years.
• The price of the units is noticeably lower than that of other manufacturers.

The disadvantages of the units should be considered:

• The dimensions of the boilers are quite large and require a certain amount of space for installation and maintenance.
• The use of natural draft places increased demands on the design of the chimney and the creation of conditions for high-quality smoke removal.

Advantages and disadvantages

The positive features of gas appliances from Conord can be determined according to the reviews of those owners who actively use them:

• large model range;
• models have 3 types of automation;
• efficiency;
• high efficiency;
• in the event of a boiler breakdown, you can find spare parts quite quickly;
• good thermal insulation;
• guarantee of flawless operation for 3 years;

• uninterrupted operation for almost 15 years;
• steel heat exchangers help withstand thermal deformations;
• the use of water from the water supply system as a coolant;
• the ability to connect to a system with various types of circulation of the working environment;
• almost complete absence of wall-mounted appliances;
• energy independence of devices;
• use in certain series of automation parts made in Italy and Poland;
• simplified process of using the device.

Boilers from this manufacturer are created in accordance with the characteristics of the domestic climate and are designed to generate the required amount of heat to warm the home even in the most severe frosts.

The reliability of these popular devices is guaranteed by the increased level of durability of heating devices, and their independence from electricity will allow them to function without any failures or delays, especially in conditions where there is no electricity.

The low level of noise impact during operation, compact size and stylish design will allow you to place the device in the kitchen or any other room without harming the design of this room.

A gas unit with 2 circuits from Conord can heat the room as quickly as possible, and also provide home owners with heated water for personal needs.

The safe operation of the products is guaranteed by the arrangement of various protection components of the automation box, which will help turn off the product when the traction is lost. In addition, the boiler will be turned off in the event of any breakdown or any other type of failure. You will be able to automatically adjust the heating temperature of the device, and if the fuel pressure level is too low, the device will provide rapid forced air injection to maintain the functionality of the device.

Disadvantages of Conord products:

• not the highest build quality of some models;
• the steel thickness will be no more than 3 mm;
• ban on the use of antifreeze.

Device (automation)

The main element is the gas burner. It heats the heat exchanger in which the coolant is located.

It is supplied by gravity or under the action of a circulation pump (purchased separately and connected as an external component of the system) into the heating circuit.

For double-circuit models, a coil is installed around the smoke pipe to heat the hot water of the DHW circuit.

Smoke is exhausted naturally, using the chimney draft, to which the boiler should be connected during installation.

The installation of the heating system must be carried out taking into account the placement levels of radiators that ensure natural circulation of the coolant.

If this is not possible, you have to use a circulation pump, which stabilizes the liquid movement mode, but makes the boiler energy-dependent.

Installation features

We have already said that boilers are highly efficient and can last quite a long time. However, in order for all these key points to be effective, it is necessary to carry out the correct installation of the equipment, which should be entrusted to specialists. Service center employees are required to make notes about the operations performed in the technical passport of the heating unit. In addition, specialists must annually inspect the boiler and all its components; this must also be indicated in the technical passport.

When installing equipment, it is necessary to take into account a number of requirements that apply to the Conord heating boiler:

1. If the unit is placed on a combustible floor, then it is necessary to take care of a fireproof substrate, which should be larger in size than the device itself by 50 cm on both sides.
2. To ensure normal water circulation in the system, the lower pipe must be located lower than the heating radiators.
3. The pipes in the system may be different. If they are connected by welding, it is recommended to leave a pair of threaded connections for future repairs.
4. Laying of horizontal sections should be carried out with a slope for air removal of at least 10 mm per 1 meter from the structure itself.
5. A prerequisite is vertical risers; a deviation of three millimeters per three meters of the structure is allowed; the angle of inclination of the outlet to the heating devices should be 10 mm per 1 m of pipe.
6. At the outlet of the coil, you should install shut-off valves.
7. The finished chimney to which the equipment will be connected must be located in the load-bearing wall of the building.
8. It is advisable to cover the chimney with thermal insulation, especially if it passes through an area that is not heated.
9. The diameter of the chimney should in no case be greater than the diameter of the outlet pipe. This is a prerequisite for stable operation of the equipment and sufficient traction.
10. Make sure that there are no ledges at the chimney. It is also important that it is positioned strictly vertically.
11. All indicators must be strictly observed, in accordance with regulatory documents and fire safety rules.
12. If you are going to install a Conord gas boiler, be sure to coordinate your actions with specialized authorities.

Briefly about the operating instructions and setup

The operation of Conord gas boilers is not particularly difficult, since the units have a durable and reliable design and are resistant to loads and external influences.

However, to improve working conditions, several simple procedures should be performed:

• Install a strainer in the gas line to prevent fine metal dust and scale from entering the burner.
• Use water softeners or filters. This is especially important for residents of regions with hard water.
• On the return line of the heating system, it is necessary to install a filter that retains scale, slag and other debris that is present in the system. This will protect the heat exchanger from clogging and increase the service life of the boiler.

Compliance with these simple requirements will save the user from having to clean and repair the boiler once again.

Setting up the unit is not difficult - all communications are connected, the strength and tightness of the connections are checked.

Then the operating mode is set and the burner is ignited using a piezo ignition system or a regular match.

How to light it? Why does it go out? Why doesn't it turn off automatically?

Not all users experience problems with ignition of Conord boilers. The usual cause is contamination of the burner nozzles, which have not been cleaned for a long time. The same reason causes the boiler to suddenly go out.

In addition, external conditions can affect the flame attenuation - drafts, insufficient or reverse draft in the chimney caused by strong gusts of wind or improper placement of the pipe.

The absence of automatic shutdown of the boiler indicates an incorrect setting of the operating mode or a failure of the automatic control unit of the unit.

How to serve

Maintenance of Conord boilers consists of maintaining the cleanliness of the body, timely removal of soot or ash from the burner and performing other necessary procedures.

Most of the work is performed by the owner of the unit, but for some activities it is necessary to invite a specialist from a warranty or service organization. This must be done annually, or as urgently necessary - in case of problems or breakdown of the boiler.

Attempts at self-repair can cause permanent failure, so you should entrust complex operations to professionals.

Any attempt to independently interfere with the boiler design will be regarded as termination of the warranty agreement at the initiative of the owner.

Removing air pockets before lighting a gas boiler

Air vents must be installed in the upper fitting of each radiator. These can be Mayevsky taps, or automatic valves.

The automation will handle everything itself, you just need to give it a little time (the fact that the air has escaped will be indicated by a drop in pressure).

To bleed air using a Mayevsky crane, you need to prepare a bucket, a rag, and a special key from the installation kit (or a screwdriver and pliers).

A container is placed on each radiator one by one, the tap is unscrewed, and the air hisses out. Then the battery will begin to “spit” air mixed with water. You can close the air vent when a trickle of water flows from it.

Approximately 5-7 minutes for each radiator - and the first air pockets are removed. The pressure gauge readings are checked (they should drop) and the water tap is turned on again. It would be good to repeat the air release procedure again.

Ultimately, the pressure should be above average, but not maximum, because when the water heats up, the pressure will increase further.

Pressure testing and washing

Pressure testing of the system is not the most necessary preparatory stage, but it is desirable, since it will show defects and leaks in advance, if any.
Pressure testing is not always done due to the lack of a special pump and the reluctance to call a team, but if the heating fails in the midst of cold weather, the costs can be much higher!

It is especially important to check a new system and one that, on the contrary, has been in use for several years.

The cost of crimping in construction companies is from 3,000 rubles. Additionally, they may charge a fee for visiting the site (about 2 thousand rubles). By the way, a manual pressure testing pump will cost 4.5 – 6 thousand rubles.

Turning on the boiler

1. The gas boiler is plugged into an outlet.
2. The switch must be set to zero.
3. The gas supply is turned on (the tap on the gas pipe is opened).

Further actions may differ for different models of gas boilers.

For example, the switch for Aton or Danko boilers needs to be set to the “star” icon, press the entire switch and hold it for 5-10 seconds.

Then, without releasing the switch, press the button located nearby.

The unit will respond with a characteristic click and hum. After which the regulator is released and the required power is set.

To turn on the Baxi boiler, you also need to turn on the gas, plug in the plug and press the “Start” button. The operating sound will appear. You need to give the device a little time, and it will automatically ignite the flame. After that, you need to press the power button again and connect the heating circuit (the corresponding icon will appear on the display). Finally, using the buttons, the desired temperature is set.

Heating appliances of the Buderus brand are characterized by high reliability. Buderus gas boiler - a brief overview of popular models and their cost.

We will look at the types of generators for gas boilers here.

To organize a full-fledged heating system in a private house, it is necessary to install a boiler. The article https://microklimat.pro/otopitelnoe-oborudovanie/kotly/kak-vybrat-dlya-chastnogo-doma.html discusses the main criteria for choosing heating equipment.

Automation responsible for safety

According to the rules set out in the regulatory documentation ( SNiP 2.04.08-87, SNiP 42-01-2002, SP 41-104-2000 ), gas boilers must have a safety system. The purpose of this block is to urgently shut off the fuel supply in the event of any breakdown.

The principle of safe operation of the gas boiler automation system is based on monitoring instrument readings.

The control unit monitors the following factors:

• Gas pressure . When it drops to a critical level, the supply of flammable substances is immediately stopped. The process occurs automatically using a valve mechanism pre-set to a certain value.
• Gas supply . Responsibility for this property in volatile devices lies with the maximum or minimum relay. The mechanism of operation is to bend the membrane with the rod as the number of atmospheres increases, which leads to the opening of the contacts of the heating device.
• No flame in the burner . When the fire dies out, the thermocouple cools down, causing current production to stop, and the gas supply stops due to the gas valve being closed by the electromagnetic damper.
• Presence of traction . As this factor decreases, the bimetallic plate heats up, which causes a change in its shape. The modified element presses on the valve, which closes, stopping the flow of flammable gas.
• Coolant temperature . Using a thermostat, it is possible to maintain this factor at a given value, which helps prevent overheating of the boiler.

The possible malfunctions mentioned above can cause the main burner to go out, resulting in the possibility of gas entering the room, leading to fatal consequences.

To avoid this, all boiler models must be equipped with automatic devices. This is especially true for outdated models, where such devices have not yet been provided by manufacturers.

Circulation pump

Air often accumulates in it, and its blades sometimes seem to get stuck (the boiler will display a corresponding error).

It is recommended to rotate the shaft manually before starting.

To do this, you need to remove the front panel of the housing, unscrew the central bolt on the pump and use a straight-bladed screwdriver to turn the shaft in the direction indicated by the arrow.

An air vent is installed above the pump. You need to pull the bright lid up and let the air escape.

Floor-standing boilers are usually more powerful than wall-mounted ones. If you need to heat a large room, it is better to choose this option. Floor-mounted gas boilers for home heating – overview of design options and models.

Read about the installation features of combined heating boilers in the following material.

Conclusion

At first, the system may make gurgling sounds, all because during startup it is impossible to bleed air down to the last atom. It will gradually be removed through the expansion tank valve. Periodically check the pressure on the pressure gauge - it should be within the operating range. Temperature adjustment and other boiler settings are described in the instructions for each model.